Wednesday, October 6, 2010

Ingrid's Thoughts on Authorial Intent

This is a subject often discussed in the blogging world, and today I thought I'd toss my opinion into the mix.

For a long time, I've been one of those "intentional fallacy" fanatics who believes the best approach in interpreting a literary text is to stay far away from attributing any sort of authorial intent.

Yet ... my opinion was soon to be challenged. In one of my literature classes this week we have been reading the essays, interviews, and journals of the author whose work we have been studying. Our next assignment is to find something that stands out to us from any primary authorial text and "connect a dot" to the novel itself. At first, my head was saying ALERT! ALERT! This isn't how to interpret a text! But as I eased into the idea of exploring this author's thoughts about his own work, I found that a little bit of background info was not only extremely interesting, but allowed me to peek inside the author's head to better understand his process in crafting and laying out his story - and ultimately to understand his novel better.

Needless to say, this assignment has made me reevaluate my opinon concerning the relationship of an author to his or her text. Here are some loose conclusions I have drawn:
  • An author's opinion on writing in general, what they've said about imagery, symbolism, and/or meaning in their writing, can be used as a help to decode the text. But ultimately, the text must speak for itself.
  • A good writer will be aware of literary symbols that appear in the text, and provide evidence within the text for or against it.
  • Ideally, the text should be able to be understood by the reader as the author intended it to be without the author ever having to say anything about it.
  • A good author will understand that many interpretations are possible, and many good authors will encourage even opposing interpretations.
  • One should avoid projecting meaning on to a text, but rather closely study its patterns and connections, while being open to many interpretations and possibilities.
Now comes the fun part: What do YOU, dear reader, think about authorial intent? Has anything an author said or wrote about their work changed how you read it? Do you think it's better to stay away from primary authorial texts in general, or can they be a helpful resource?

Even if you don't have any literary background I'm interested in hearing your opinion! Ready, set, discuss.

(image: On the Road original manuscript via)

Comments (16)

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Interesting topic. In the past I've stood fast on your 3rd conclusion: "the text should be able to be understood by the reader as the author intended it to be without the author ever having to say anything about it." I guess I tend to think that a novel should not come with prerequisites. Experience has shown me, however, how a little background info can deepen your understanding/appreciation.
2 replies · active less than 1 minute ago
Hi Melody. I agree, background not only helps understanding, but I've found that the novels I most appreciate are the ones I know the most about! Thanks for your comment.
Hi Melody. I agree, background not only helps understanding, but I've found that the novels I most appreciate are the ones I know the most about! Thanks for your comment.�
I agree with you on most of your points, that a work should be open to many interpretations, that the text alone should support any meaning, etc. However, I've always found it fascinating to see what an author has to say about their own work, or about the process they went through in writing a work. I think understanding the influences in the author's life can help clarify meaning, or open new interpretations. After all, the author is generating the text, and as much as the text should stand on its own, the relationship between the author and the text shouldn't necessarily be disregarded.
1 reply · active 757 weeks ago
French Lily, I agree that what the author says about their work clarifies some things, though I generally lean away from assuming that their experiences or influences in their life have a huge effect on their writing. I tend to give the author the benefit of the doubt that they were able to rise above their experience and create something new and possibly completely unattached from their own life. There are of course exceptions to this, I'm just speaking generally. Thanks for your comment!
Hmm..very interesting post! Being a French Language and Literature major, I have to write a lot of literary analyses of French stuff....especially older French lit like Les Maximes by (if I remember correctly, lol) Rochefoucauld. My teachers have always given us basic background info so that we can understand the author and the period he was coming from, but when writing the essays, we're always reminded that using specific events from the author's life to analyze something she/he has written is not a good method to use. I somewhat agree, especially with certain pieces of literature, because often they totally contradict what the author says in "real life" (like a lot of the Maximes mentioned above!) and it can sometimes befuddle your brain and then you stop thinking about other explanations for things altogether. But I also think it's very important to have that background of the author, because then we might have at least an idea of what the author was thinking/going through at the time the piece was written.
Sorry about the long bit of info on French lit! Just putting in my two cents on this topic :)
3 replies · active 757 weeks ago
Hi Kelly. That's awesome that you are a French Language and Literature major! Actually, French literature was a strong part of my major as well, though I am sure you are much more proficient at it than I am. :) I agree that putting a text in the context of its time is vital to understanding it. The background of the author, (as in the author's personal life as opposed to intellectual life) to me is not as important. Thanks for your comment!
Horrah to you for being a French lit/language major! That's a major dear to my heart, as I studied French for about 7 years. :) your comment gave me the warm fuzzies. Come again to our blog soon, Kelly!
Oh of course I will :) So glad I found your blog!
I love a good literary discussion any time! Literary criticism was one of my favorite papers in college because it shaped my thinking on books and reading so much. I feel in one way the 1st and 3rd points are contradictory. I might be wrong in the way I interpreted your points, but if the text must speak for itself then the author cannot harbor intended meanings.

I also agree with Barthes to some extent that the author is dead. Because once the text leaves the author, as you said it stands on its own. But for it to gain meaning, the reader must imbue feelings and thoughts on to it. Which gives rise to multiple interpretations. While doing so if the reader does come across and acknowledge the author's intentional meanings then the author is reprised. I don't know if I am making sense in my jumbled response! :)

Do keep posting more of such thoughts, I enjoy these!
2 replies · active less than 1 minute ago
Hey Birdy, welcome back :) we love all your comments!

Very excellent point, bringing up Barthes -- very relevant. I suppose it is just difficult to ever KNOW the author's meaning, even if they give it outright in a primary source. For example, in Edgar Allen Poe's "Philosophy of Composition," he describes in detail how he went about writing "The Raven." However, many people still wonder whether or not he is telling the truth, and that controversy alone has given rise to many interpretations of his supposed CLARIFICATION. So I am not entirely sure if it IS possible to "come across and acknowledge the author's intentional meanings." It does get very speculative, even when it seems clear.
Glad you like my ramblings! :D I agree, it's very speculative while seeming to be clear .... My brain enjoys chewing on such thoughts, these are like vitamins hehe
Really great post, Ingrid!

I suppose I've shared many of my thoughts in my replies to other comments, but I want to add to it further --

Part of me believes in Barthes' death of the author -- that is, once the author has written something, it becomes public domain, and the author no longer has control over the "meaning" of his or her text.

A good example of this would be when JK Rowling said that she always saw Dumbledore as gay. Well, I, as a long-time reader, have by now created my OWN Dumbledore from her text, and I rejected that analysis, even though it was straight from the author's mouth! At a certain point, the reader owns a text, and an author's analysis becomes just another analysis.

However, as a student of literature, I do enjoy studying the life of writers to give deeper meaning to their texts. For examples, Virginia Woolf's Orlando -- of course, the ONLY reading is not as a love letter to her female lover, Vita Sackville-West, but if one had not studied Virginia Woolf's life and known about that affair, the text would certainly read differently. So studying her life along with her works, I think gives me a deeper understanding both of the text (at least in one interpretation or reading) as well as the author's life!

Even if an author is not writing directly about an event that happened in his or her life, I think their life comes across on the page regardless. In the JK Rowling interview (I've got Harry Potter on the brain, clearly) she says that her mother's death, for example, is on every page of Harry Potter -- EVEN WHEN IT'S NOT TALKING ABOUT DEATH. The problem that arises, obviously, from this assumption, however, is determining what unintentionally reveals about the author and what does not.

And it all gets very complicated.
When I studied literature, I was drawn more towards a text-based interpretation, particularly from a psychoanalytic viewpoint. When I read for fun, however, I broaden that out to include authorial intent.

It's funny because I just wrote a post on learning about Thomas Hardy from his work, so I guess the author-text interpretation goes both ways. Particularly when I'm reading a classic by a long dead author - to me, they're almost like another character & I love learning about them. Probably because I'm a dork :)

Great post!
Oh what an excellent post, Ingrid.

I;m with thefriande...purely text based interpretation. Sometimes a I enjoy a book so much I want to know more and then I read up on the author.
Making my first comment here...

Authorial intent is an interesting question, particularly these days, when the thoughts of authors can be so easily accessible. I tend to think that it's interesting, and can be illuminating, to know what an author intended when writing a book; but it shoudn't become the be-all and end-all -- I'd agree that the text has to stand apart from the author.

Ona related note, though, I do think it's useful to know something of the historical context when reading the classics in particular.

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